Foundations
Foundations Hub
The recommended starting point for type 1 diabetes on GNL. The rest of the site assumes this knowledge is already in place.
How to use this section
Work through the sequence below. The order is recommended, but you can jump to what you need most right now. Return to any part at any time as your understanding deepens.
The Foundations sequence
Browse the Foundations
The mechanism of autoimmune beta cell loss, why insulin is essential, and what glucose regulation looks like before and after diagnosis.
Explore →How CGM works, what it measures, and why it is the central feedback tool for understanding glucose patterns in type 1 diabetes.
Explore →The role of background insulin, how it works across the day, and why getting basal right underpins everything else.
Explore →How mealtime insulin works and what factors influence how much glucose it moves and how quickly.
Explore →What correction doses are for, how insulin sensitivity factors work, and the role of insulin on board in safe correcting.
Explore →Why carbohydrate has the greatest immediate impact on glucose, and how matching insulin to carbohydrate intake works in practice.
Explore →How meal structure, composition, and timing interact with insulin and glucose patterns across the day.
Explore →What hypoglycaemia is, why it happens, how the body responds on average, and what tends to help recovery.
Explore →What Time-in-Range, GMI, and other glucose metrics describe — and how to interpret them as a picture of patterns, not a scorecard.
Explore →The Foundations sequence is also available as a podcast episode (Episode 7) and as a YouTube video series.
What comes next?
Once Foundations are in place, the GNL Guides build on that base
Covering self-discovery, experimentation, technology, and more. Progress comes from observing real glucose patterns, making small and safe changes, and adapting based on what actually happens.